Water Strider Body Segment Dimensions x 2 Radius Length Contact Perimeter Body (mm) (mm) (mm) Head Hemisphere 1.1 ----Body Cylinder 1.1 12.8 --Tail Cone 1.1 5.2 --     Leg 1 Segment 1 0.16 3.0 --Segment 2 0.08 3.0 --Segment 3 0.04 2.0      Leg 2 Segment 1 0.16 9.0 --Segment 2 0.08 9.0 --Segment 3 0.04 6.0      Leg 3 Segment 1 0.08 6.0 --Segment 2 0.04 6.0 --Segment 3 0.04 4.0 Total Contact  Perimeter*  Total Volume**   Body Mass (g)  Volume (mm3)   0.724 0.181 0.030  0.121 0.030 0.020  *Contact perimeter for Legs 1, 2, & 3 must be multiplied by 2 to account for the legs on either side of the body. **Total volume must include the volume of the body and the volume of the legs multiplied by 2 to
Water Strider Body Segment Dimensions x 2 Radius Length Contact Perimeter Body (mm) (mm) (mm) Head Hemisphere 1.1 ----Body Cylinder 1.1 12.8 --Tail Cone 1.1 5.2 --     Leg 1 Segment 1 0.16 3.0 --Segment 2 0.08 3.0 --Segment 3 0.04 2.0 4      Leg 2 Segment 1 0.16 9.0 --Segment 2 0.08 9.0 --Segment 3 0.04 6.0 12      Leg 3 Segment 1 0.08 6.0 --Segment 2 0.04 6.0 --Segment 3 0.04 4.0 8 Total Contact  48 Perimeter*  Total Volume**   Body Mass (g)  Volume (mm3) 2.788 48.657 6.589  0.241 0.060 0.010  0.724 0.181 0.030  0.121 0.030 0.020  60.868 0.0730416 *Contact perimeter for Legs 1, 2, & 3 must be multiplied by 2 to account for the legs on either side of the body. **Total volume must include the volume of the body and the volume of the legs multiplied by 2 to
Body Head Hemisphere Body Cylinder Tail Cone   Leg 1 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3   Leg 2 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3   Leg 3 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3    Perimeter* Water Strider Body Segment Dimensions Radius Length Contact Perimeter (mm) (mm) (mm) 0.55 ----0.55 6.4 --0.55 2.6 --   Volume (mm3) 0.348 6.082 0.824  0.08 0.04 0.02  1.5 1.5 1.0  ----2  0.030 0.008 0.001  0.08 0.04 0.02  4.5 4.5 3.0  ----6  0.090 0.023 0.004  3.0 3.0 2.0 ----4 0.015 0.004 0.003 24    7.61 0.009132 0.04 0.02 0.02 Total Contact Total Volume** Body Mass (g) *Contact perimeter for Legs 1, 2, & 3 must be multiplied by 2 to account for the legs on either side of the body. **Total volume must include the volume of the body and the volume of the legs multiplied by 2 to
Body Head Hemisphere Body Cylinder Tail Cone   Leg 1 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3   Leg 2 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3   Leg 3 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3    Perimeter* Water Strider Body Segment Dimensions Radius Length Contact Perimeter (mm) (mm) (mm) 0.55 ----0.55 6.4 --0.55 2.6 --   Volume (mm3) 0.348 6.082 0.824  0.08 0.04 0.02  1.5 1.5 1.0  ----2  0.030 0.008 0.001  0.08 0.04 0.02  4.5 4.5 3.0  ----6  0.090 0.023 0.004  3.0 3.0 2.0 ----4 0.015 0.004 0.003 24    7.61 0.009132 0.04 0.02 0.02 Total Contact Total Volume** Body Mass (g) *Contact perimeter for Legs 1, 2, & 3 must be multiplied by 2 to account for the legs on either side of the body. **Total volume must include the volume of the body and the volume of the legs multiplied by 2 to
Body Head Hemisphere Body Cylinder Tail Cone   Leg 1 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3   Leg 2 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3   Leg 3 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3    Perimeter* Water Strider Body Segment Dimensions Radius Length Contact Perimeter (mm) (mm) (mm) 0.55 ----0.55 6.4 --0.55 2.6 --   Volume (mm3)  0.08 0.04 0.02  1.5 1.5 1.0  ----  0.08 0.04 0.02  4.5 4.5 3.0  ----- 0.090 0.023 0.004  3.0 3.0 2.0 ----- 0.04 0.02 0.02 Total Contact Total Volume** Body Mass (g)  0.015 0.004 0.003    *Contact perimeter for Legs 1, 2, & 3 must be multiplied by 2 to account for the legs on either side of the body. **Total volume must include the volume of the body and the volume of the legs multiplied by 2 to
Water Strider Body Segment Dimensions x 4 Radius Length Contact Perimeter Body (mm) (mm) (mm) Head Hemisphere 2.2 ----Body Cylinder 2.2 25.6 --Tail Cone 2.2 10.4 --     Leg 1 Segment 1 0.32 6 --Segment 2 0.16 6 --Segment 3 0.08 4      Leg 2 Segment 1 0.32 18 --Segment 2 0.16 18 --Segment 3 0.08 12      Leg 3 Segment 1 0.16 12 --Segment 2 0.08 12 --Segment 3 0.08 8 Total Contact  Perimeter*  Total Volume**   Body Mass (g)  Volume (mm3)   5.791 1.448 0.241  0.965 0.241 0.161  *Contact perimeter for Legs 1, 2, & 3 must be multiplied by 2 to account for the legs on either side of the body. **Total volume must include the volume of the body and the volume of the legs multiplied by 2 to
Water Strider Body Segment Dimensions x 8 Radius Length Contact Perimeter Body (mm) (mm) (mm) Head Hemisphere 4.4 ----Body Cylinder 4.4 51.2 --Tail Cone 4.4 20.8 --     Leg 1 Segment 1 0.64 12 --Segment 2 0.32 12 --Segment 3 0.16 8      Leg 2 Segment 1 0.64 36 --Segment 2 0.32 36 --Segment 3 0.16 24      Leg 3 Segment 1 0.32 24 --Segment 2 0.16 24 --Segment 3 0.16 16 Total Contact  Perimeter*  Total Volume**   Body Mass (g)  Volume (mm3)   46.325 11.581 1.930  7.721 1.930 1.287  *Contact perimeter for Legs 1, 2, & 3 must be multiplied by 2 to account for the legs on either side of the body. **Total volume must include the volume of the body and the volume of the legs multiplied by 2 to
Water Strider Body Segment Dimensions x 4 Radius Length Contact Perimeter Body (mm) (mm) (mm) Head Hemisphere 2.2 ----Body Cylinder 2.2 25.6 --Tail Cone 2.2 10.4 --     Leg 1 Segment 1 0.32 6 --Segment 2 0.16 6 --Segment 3 0.08 4 8      Leg 2 Segment 1 0.32 18 --Segment 2 0.16 18 --Segment 3 0.08 12 24      Leg 3 Segment 1 0.16 12 --Segment 2 0.08 12 --Segment 3 0.08 8 16 Total Contact  96 Perimeter*  Total Volume**   Body Mass (g)  Volume (mm3) 22.301 389.256 52.712  1.930 0.483 0.080  5.791 1.448 0.241  0.965 0.241 0.161  486.949 0.5843388 *Contact perimeter for Legs 1, 2, & 3 must be multiplied by 2 to account for the legs on either side of the body. **Total volume must include the volume of the body and the volume of the legs multiplied by 2 to
Water Strider Body Segment Dimensions x 8 Radius Length Contact Perimeter Body (mm) (mm) (mm) Head Hemisphere 4.4 ----Body Cylinder 4.4 51.2 --Tail Cone 4.4 20.8 --     Leg 1 Segment 1 0.64 12 --Segment 2 0.32 12 --Segment 3 0.16 8 16      Leg 2 Segment 1 0.64 36 --Segment 2 0.32 36 --Segment 3 0.16 24 48      Leg 3 Segment 1 0.32 24 --Segment 2 0.16 24 --Segment 3 0.16 16 32 Total Contact  192 Perimeter*  Total Volume**   Body Mass (g)  Volume (mm3) 178.409 3114.047 421.694  15.442 3.860 0.643  46.325 11.581 1.930  7.721 1.930 1.287  3895.588 4.6747056 *Contact perimeter for Legs 1, 2, & 3 must be multiplied by 2 to account for the legs on either side of the body. **Total volume must include the volume of the body and the volume of the legs multiplied by 2 to
Body Head Hemisphere Body Cylinder Tail Cone   Leg 1 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3   Leg 2 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3   Leg 3 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3    Perimeter* Water Strider Body Segment Dimensions Radius Length Contact Perimeter (mm) (mm) (mm) 0.55 ----0.55 6.4 --0.55 2.6 --   0.08 0.04 0.02  1.5 1.5 1.0  ----- 0.08 0.04 0.02  4.5 4.5 3.0  ----- 3.0 3.0 2.0 ----- 0.04 0.02 0.02 Total Contact Total Volume** Body Mass (g)   Volume (mm3)       *Contact perimeter for Legs 1, 2, & 3 must be multiplied by 2 to account for the legs on either side of the body. **Total volume must include the volume of the body and the volume of the legs multiplied by 2 to
Body Head Hemisphere Body Cylinder Tail Cone   Leg 1 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3   Leg 2 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3   Leg 3 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3    Perimeter* Water Strider Body Segment Dimensions Radius Length Contact Perimeter (mm) (mm) (mm) 0.55 ----0.55 6.4 --0.55 2.6 --   Volume (mm3)  0.08 0.04 0.02  1.5 1.5 1.0  ----2   0.08 0.04 0.02  4.5 4.5 3.0  ----6   3.0 3.0 2.0 ----4 0.04 0.02 0.02 Total Contact Total Volume** Body Mass (g) 24    *Contact perimeter for Legs 1, 2, & 3 must be multiplied by 2 to account for the legs on either side of the body. **Total volume must include the volume of the body and the volume of the legs multiplied by 2 to
Body Head Hemisphere Body Cylinder Tail Cone   Leg 1 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3   Leg 2 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3   Leg 3 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3    Perimeter* Water Strider Body Segment Dimensions Radius Length Contact Perimeter (mm) (mm) (mm) 0.55 ----0.55 6.4 --0.55 2.6 --   Volume (mm3)  0.08 0.04 0.02  1.5 1.5 1.0  ----2   0.08 0.04 0.02  4.5 4.5 3.0  ----6  0.090 0.023 0.004  3.0 3.0 2.0 ----4 0.015 0.004 0.003 24  0.04 0.02 0.02 Total Contact Total Volume** Body Mass (g)   *Contact perimeter for Legs 1, 2, & 3 must be multiplied by 2 to account for the legs on either side of the body. **Total volume must include the volume of the body and the volume of the legs multiplied by 2 to
Goliath Grouper Suction Feeding Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a 34.9 N/A b  153.6 Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  34.9 Time 0 c  54.3 N/A d  6.4 e  Volume of feeding mechanism before expansion (t0) Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  N/A b  Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  Time 1 c   d  e  Volume of feeding mechanism at maximum expansion (t1) Volume change during feeding event (mm3) Duration of feeding event (sec) Area of mouth at maximum expansion (t1) (mm2) Velocity of water flow into mouth (mm/sec) Volume (mm3)  Volume (mm3)   Volume (mm3)  Volume (mm3)    0.132  Â
Goliath Grouper Suction Feeding Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a 34.9 N/A b  153.6 Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  34.9 Time 0 c  54.3 N/A d  6.4 e  12.2 Volume of feeding mechanism before expansion (t0) Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  N/A b  Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  Time 1 c   d  e  Volume of feeding mechanism at maximum expansion (t1) Volume change during feeding event (mm3) Duration of feeding event (sec) Area of mouth at maximum expansion (t1) (mm2) Velocity of water flow into mouth (mm/sec) Volume (mm3)  195916.8 Volume (mm3)  84289.7  180206.5 Volume (mm3)  Volume (mm3)    0.132  Â
Goliath Grouper Suction Feeding Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a 34.9 N/A b  153.6 Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  34.9 Time 0 c  54.3 N/A d  6.4 e 12.2 Volume of feeding mechanism before expansion (t0) Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  39.5 N/A b  161.3 Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  39.5 Time 1 c  56.4  d  32.6 e  Volume of feeding mechanism at maximum expansion (t1) Volume change during feeding event (mm3) Duration of feeding event (sec) Area of mouth at maximum expansion (t1) (mm2) Velocity of water flow into mouth (mm/sec) Volume (mm3) 195916.8 Volume (mm3) 84289.7  280206.5 Volume (mm3)  Volume (mm3)     0.132  Â
Goliath Grouper Suction Feeding Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a 34.9 N/A b  153.6 Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  34.9 Time 0 c  54.3 N/A d  6.4 e 12.2 Volume of feeding mechanism before expansion (t0) Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  39.5 N/A b  161.3 Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  39.5 Time 1 c  56.4  d  32.6 e  266.5 Volume of feeding mechanism at maximum expansion (t1) Volume change during feeding event (mm3) Duration of feeding event (sec) Area of mouth at maximum expansion (t1) (mm2) Velocity of water flow into mouth (mm/sec) Volume (mm3) 195916.8 Volume (mm3) 84289.7  280206.5 Volume (mm3)  263547.1 Volume (mm3)  230974.7  494521.7  214315.3  0.132  Â
Goliath Grouper Suction Feeding Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a 34.9 N/A b  153.6 Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  34.9 Time 0 c  54.3 N/A d  6.4 e 12.2 Volume of feeding mechanism before expansion (t0) Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  39.5 N/A b  161.3 Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  39.5 Time 1 c  56.4  3338.8 d  32.6 e  266.5 Volume of feeding mechanism at maximum expansion (t1) Volume change during feeding event (mm3) Duration of feeding event (sec) Area of mouth at maximum expansion (t1) (mm2) Velocity of water flow into mouth (mm/sec) Volume (mm3) 195916.8 Volume (mm3) 84289.7  280206.5 Volume (mm3)  263547.1 Volume (mm3)  230974.7  494521.7  214315.3  0.132 3338.8 Â
Goliath Grouper Suction Feeding Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a 34.9 N/A b  153.6 Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  34.9 Time 0 c  54.3 N/A d  6.4 e 12.2 Volume of feeding mechanism before expansion (t0) Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  39.5 N/A b  161.3 Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  39.5 Time 1 c  56.4  3338.8 d  32.6 e  266.5 Volume of feeding mechanism at maximum expansion (t1) Volume change during feeding event (mm3) Duration of feeding event (sec) Area of mouth at maximum expansion (t1) (mm2) Velocity of water flow into mouth (mm/sec) Volume (mm3) 195916.8 Volume (mm3) 84289.7  280206.5 Volume (mm3)  263547.1 Volume (mm3)  230974.7  494521.7  214315.3  0.132 3338.8  486
Snook Suction Feeding Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a 2.1 N/A b  27.6 Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  2.1 Time 0 c  12.3 N/A d  1.8 e  Volume of feeding mechanism before expansion (t0) Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  7.0 N/A b  28.9 Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  7.0 Time 1 c  12.3  d  5.9 e  Volume of feeding mechanism at maximum expansion (t1) Volume change during feeding event (mm3) Duration of feeding event (sec) Area of mouth at maximum expansion (t1) (mm2) Velocity of water flow into mouth (mm/sec) Volume (mm3)  Volume (mm3)   Volume (mm3)  Volume (mm3)     0.036  Â
Snook Suction Feeding Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a 2.1 N/A b  27.6 Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  2.1 Time 0 c  12.3 N/A d  1.8 e 73.8 Volume of feeding mechanism before expansion (t0) Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  7.0 N/A b  28.9 Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a  7.0 Time 1 c  12.3  109.4 d  5.9 e  66.0 Volume of feeding mechanism at maximum expansion (t1) Volume change during feeding event (mm3) Duration of feeding event (sec) Area of mouth at maximum expansion (t1) (mm2) Velocity of water flow into mouth (mm/sec) Volume (mm3) 127.5 Volume (mm3)  147.2  274.7 Volume (mm3) 1482.9 Volume (mm3)  1611.5 3094.4  2819.7  0.036  109.4  716
Longjaw Butterfly Fish Suction Feeding Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a 5.0 N/A b 14.9 Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a 5.0 Time 0 c 31.2 N/A d 1.1 e  Volume of feeding mechanism before expansion (t0) Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a 5.0 N/A b 14.9 Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a 5.0 Time 1 c 31.6  d 1.1 e  Volume of feeding mechanism at maximum expansion (t1) Volume change during feeding event (mm3) Duration of feeding event (sec) Area of mouth at maximum expansion (t1) (mm2) Velocity of water flow into mouth (mm/sec) Volume (mm3)  Volume (mm3)   Volume (mm3)  Volume (mm3)     0.022  Â
Longjaw Butterfly Fish Suction Feeding Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a 5.0 N/A b 14.9 Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a 5.0 Time 0 c 31.2 N/A d 1.1 e  8.8 Volume of feeding mechanism before expansion (t0) Cone A Length (mm) Area (mm2) a 5.0 N/A b 14.9 Cone B Length (mm) Area (mm2) a 5.0 Time 1 c 31.6  3.8 d 1.1 e  8.9 Volume of feeding mechanism at maximum expansion (t1) Volume change during feeding event (mm3) Duration of feeding event (sec) Area of mouth at maximum expansion (t1) (mm2) Velocity of water flow into mouth (mm/sec) Volume (mm3) 390.1 Volume (mm3)  1036.0  1426.1 Volume (mm3)  390.1 Volume (mm3)  1049.3  1439.4  13.3  0.022  3.8  159